![]() Alternating stress: Alternating stress occurs when there are words with three four, five and six syllables.A word with two stresses is ánikúta, which means ant (analysis unknown). "Loans are common sources of words with nonitinal stress" an example is pitísii, which means 'policeman'. Also, the "initial syllable never weakens to the point of voicelessness." However, some exceptions to the non-initial stress are animal and plant names because some of them end with a stress long vowel plus which is represented by "ʔ". Non-initial stress: Non-initial stress can be found in any syllable of a word that is not in the initial position and it can also fall on long vowel.Also, words with six syllables have primary stress on the first syllable. Words with "five syllables have primary stress on the first syllable." An example is which means 'stress'. However, when primary stress is marked in a third syllable it can also be consider as a secondary stress according to Canonge's but an "exception to this case is when both a proclitic and prefix are used." An example of a third syllable stress is which means 'stopped and lay down'. In the following data where primary stress appears it will be shown as an "acute accent." Primary stress is found in words or compounds of three, six and five syllables. In addition, "when a pronoun is suffixed by, for instance a postposition, the pronoun does take primary – and initial – stress." An example is nʉ-pia, which means my mother (my-mother). ![]() Primary stress: Primary stress is "marked when it is non-initial stress".Secondary stress is placed on the second syllable of a two-syllable word, the third syllable of a word with three, four, or five syllables, and the fourth syllable of a word with six syllables. Additionally, possessive pronouns, which serve as proclitics, do not affect the stress of a word (so that nʉ + námi 'my sister' retains its stress on the /a/ in námi). Exceptions to this rule, such as in the words Waʔsáasiʔ, meaning ' Osage people', and aná, meaning 'ouch!', are marked with an acute accent.įor the purpose of stress placement, the diphthongs /ai/, /oi/, and /ui/ act as one vowel with one mora. As with the vowel charts, the basic symbols given in this chart are in the IPA, whereas the equivalent symbols in the conventional orthography are given to the right of them.Ĭomanche stress most commonly falls on the first syllable. ConsonantsĬomanche has a typical Numic consonant inventory. In the conventional orthography, these vowels are marked with an underline: ⟨a̱, e̱, i̱, o̱, u̱, ʉ̱⟩. voiceless vowels are non-phonemic and therefore not represented in this chart. ![]() Unstressed short vowels are usually devoiced when /s/ or /h/ follows and optionally when word-final. Short vowels can be either voiced or voiceless. Short vowels can be lengthened when they are stressed. ![]() An example of a long vowel is the (ee) in meaning 'turtle'. Long vowels are never devoiced and in the orthography they are represented as (aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, ɨɨ). In the following chart, the basic symbols given are in the IPA, whereas the equivalent symbols in the conventional orthography are given to the right of them.Ĭomanche distinguishes vowels by length. Historically, there was a certain amount of free variation between and (as shown by comparison with Shoshoni cognates), but the variation is no longer so common and most morphemes have become fixed on either /ai/ or /e/. In addition, there is the common diphthong /ai/. Phonology VowelsĬomanche has a typical Numic vowel inventory of six vowels. The college previously conducted a language recording project, as the language is "mostly oral," and emphasizing instruction for tribal members. Comanche language courses were available at the now-closed Comanche Nation College. An online class is available from the Learn Comanche organization, and the Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee offers dictionaries and language learning materials. Army to send messages conveying sensitive information in the Comanche language so that it could not be deciphered by the enemy.Īs of July 2013, there were roughly 25-30 native speakers of the language, according to The Boston Globe. A group of seventeen young men referred to as the Comanche Code Talkers were trained and used by the U.S. The Comanche language was briefly prominent during World War II.
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